How to be a astronaut

Becoming an astronaut is one of the most selective career paths on Earth — thousands apply, a handful are chosen, and the training takes years. But it's also one of the few jobs where the literal dream of childhood can become a real, daily commute to space.

The path, step by step

1. 1

   Get the credentials: STEM degree + experience

   NASA requires a master's degree in a STEM field, plus at least two years of related professional experience or 1,000 pilot hours.

   Real-life example: Christina Koch holds a master's in electrical engineering and did space station instrument development before being selected.

2. 2

   Build a standout career first

   Astronauts are selected in their 30s and 40s from accomplished careers — test pilots, surgeons, oceanographers, engineers.

   Real-life example: Jessica Meir was a marine biologist studying animal diving physiology before she ever trained for space.

3. 3

   Apply when the call opens — and be patient

   NASA hires in classes every few years. The 2021 cycle had over 12,000 applicants for ~10 spots.

   Real-life example: Sally Ride applied after seeing an ad in a Stanford newspaper — she was selected from 8,000 applicants in 1978.

4. 4

   Survive two years of basic training

   Selected candidates train in robotics, spacewalks, Russian language, survival skills, and systems — and only then become eligible for a flight.

   Real-life example: Scott Kelly spent a year on the ISS partly to study long-duration effects — preparation that began years before launch.

5. 5

   Wait for a mission assignment

   Even certified astronauts can wait years for a flight. The job is mostly training, supporting other missions, and being ready.

   Real-life example: John Glenn waited decades between his first flight and his return to space at age 77 aboard the shuttle Discovery.

Skills you'll need